Muscular System Test Answers


  • While it doesn't move, the rest of the muscle will. The part of the muscle that does move durin What kind of muscle contraction would help a person with hypothermia? The correct answer to this question is Shivering. It is also known as shaking. The...
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  • True or False: Skeletal, or voluntary, muscles are the muscles you can control. True or False: Ligaments connect muscles to bones. True or False: Your heart is a muscle. True or False: A muscle gets strained when it is stretched too much. True or...
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  • Food is our fuel, and its nutrients give our bodies' cells the energy and substances they need to work. But before food can do that, it must be digested into small pieces the body can absorb and use. The first step in the digestive process happens before we even taste food. Just by smelling that homemade apple pie or thinking about how delicious that ripe tomato is going to be, you start salivating — and the digestive process begins in preparation for that first bite. Almost all animals have a tube-type digestive system in which food: enters the mouth passes through a long tube exits the body as feces poop through the anus Along the way, food is broken down into tiny molecules so that the body can absorb nutrients it needs: Protein must be broken down into amino acids. Starches break down into simple sugars. Fats break down into into fatty acids and glycerol. The waste parts of food that the body can't use are what leave the body as feces.
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  • How Does Digestion Work? The digestive system is made up of the alimentary canal also called the digestive tract and other organs, such as the liver and pancreas. The alimentary canal is the long tube of organs — including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines — that runs from the mouth to the anus. An adult's digestive tract is about 30 feet about 9 meters long. Digestion begins in the mouth, well before food reaches the stomach. When we see, smell, taste, or even imagine a tasty meal, our salivary glands in front of the ear, under the tongue, and near the lower jaw begin making saliva spit. As the teeth tear and chop the food, spit moistens it for easy swallowing. A digestive enzyme in saliva called amylase pronounced: AH-meh-lace starts to break down some of the carbohydrates starches and sugars in the food even before it leaves the mouth. Swallowing, done by muscle movements in the tongue and mouth, moves the food into the throat, or pharynx pronounced: FAIR-inks.
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  • The pharynx is a passageway for food and air. A soft flap of tissue called the epiglottis pronounced: ep-ih-GLAH-tus closes over the windpipe when we swallow to prevent choking. From the throat, food travels down a muscular tube in the chest called the esophagus pronounced: ih-SAH-fuh-gus. Waves of muscle contractions called peristalsis pronounced: per-uh-STALL-sus force food down through the esophagus to the stomach. A person normally isn't aware of the movements of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine that take place as food passes through the digestive tract.
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  • At the end of the esophagus, a muscular ring or valve called a sphincter pronounced: SFINK-ter allows food to enter the stomach and then squeezes shut to keep food or fluid from flowing back up into the esophagus. The stomach muscles churn and mix the food with digestive juices that have acids and enzymes, breaking it into much smaller, digestible pieces. An acidic environment is needed for the digestion that takes place in the stomach. By the time food is ready to leave the stomach, it has been processed into a thick liquid called chyme pronounced: kime.
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  • A walnut-sized muscular valve at the outlet of the stomach called the pylorus pronounced: pie-LOR-us keeps chyme in the stomach until it reaches the right consistency to pass into the small intestine. Chyme is then squirted down into the small intestine, where digestion of food continues so the body can absorb the nutrients into the bloodstream. The small intestine is made up of three parts: the duodenum pronounced: due-uh-DEE-num , the C-shaped first part the jejunum pronounced: jih-JU-num , the coiled midsection the ileum pronounced: IH-lee-um , the final section that leads into the large intestine The inner wall of the small intestine is covered with millions of microscopic, finger-like projections called villi pronounced: VIH-lie. The villi are the vehicles through which nutrients can be absorbed into the blood.
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  • The blood then brings these nutrients to the rest of the body. The liver under the ribcage in the right upper part of the abdomen , the gallbladder hidden just below the liver , and the pancreas beneath the stomach are not part of the alimentary canal, but these organs are essential to digestion. The liver makes bile, which helps the body absorb fat. Bile is stored in the gallbladder until it is needed. The pancreas makes enzymes that help digest proteins, fats, and carbs. It also makes a substance that neutralizes stomach acid. These enzymes and bile travel through special pathways called ducts into the small intestine, where they help to break down food.
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  • The liver also helps process nutrients in the bloodstream. From the small intestine, undigested food and some water travels to the large intestine through a muscular ring or valve that prevents food from returning to the small intestine. By the time food reaches the large intestine, the work of absorbing nutrients is nearly finished. The large intestine's main job is to remove water from the undigested matter and form solid waste poop to be excreted. The large intestine has three parts: The cecum pronounced: SEE-kum is the beginning of the large intestine.
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  • The appendix, a small, hollow, finger-like pouch, hangs at the end of the cecum. Scientists believe the appendix is left over from a previous time in human evolution. It no longer appears to be useful to the digestive process. The colon extends from the cecum up the right side of the abdomen, across the upper abdomen, and then down the left side of the abdomen, finally connecting to the rectum. The colon has three parts: the ascending colon and the transverse colon, which absorb fluids and salts; and the descending colon, which holds the resulting waste. Bacteria in the colon help to digest the remaining food products.
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  • The rectum is where feces are stored until they leave the digestive system through the anus as a bowel movement. It takes hours for our bodies to fully digest food.
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  • Skeletal muscles are bound to surrounding tissues and other muscles with a type of connective tissues called a. Muscle fibers composing a striated muscle a. The neurotransmitter sending chemical signals at neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle is a. The membrane that carries the muscle fiber's electrical signal from the surface to the fiber's interior is the a.
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  • SR sarcoplasmic reticulum c. CM cell membrane d. Two abundant organelles in skeletal muscle are a. ATP and glucose c. Motor unit a. Variations in the degree of muscle contraction. Myogram b. The graphic recording of a muscle's contraction. Graded responses c. The condition where a muscle's power gradually drops and may reach zero. Tetanus d. A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates supplies. Fatigue e. A smooth, sustained muscle contraction. Glucose a. Can cause fatigue as it builds up in muscle under anaerobic conditions. Creatine phosphate b. A muscle fiber's immediate source of energy for contraction. Adenosine triphosphate c. A muscle's storage form of energy for contraction. Lactic acid d. The aerobic, large energy-generating part of cellular respiration.
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  • ETS electron transport system e. The body's energy source circulating in the blood. The hypertrophy of muscles is due to a. Muscle fascicles are surrounded by a. An electrical stimulus to a muscle that fails to bring about contraction is called a a. I f you are exercising and you are breathing normally not out-of-breath , then your muscles are working a. Wave summation a. Increased force of contraction as more and more fibers in a muscle contract. Multiple motor unit summation b. Lowest voltage that brings about muscle contraction. Minimal stimulus c. Contraction without shortening. Isotonic contraction d. Contraction with shortening. Isometric contraction e. More rapid contractions due to more rapidly delivered stimuli. Glycolysis a. The anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid. Kreb's cycle b. An aerobic pathway that generates the greatest number of ATP molecules.
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  • Electron transport chain c. A pathway that generates electrons, hydrogen ions and CO2. Mitochondria d. An O2-binding molecule in some muscles. Myoglobin e. An organelle where the Kreb's cycle and the electron transport chain operate. Prime movers agonists a. Muscles that prevent a bone from moving while other muscles are working. Synergists b. Muscle pairs that produce opposite movements across a given joint.
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  • Antagonists c. Muscles that help prime movers do their job more powerfully and efficiently. Fixators d. Muscles producing forces opposite to that of the prime movers. Antagonistic muscles e. Muscles that produce most of the force in a particular joint movement. Explain how a whole muscle is constructed. Use diagrams to support your answer. Explain how actin and myosin interact to bring about muscle contraction.
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  • There are a number of organizations that provide a certifying credential for personal trainers. All of them require the passing of an exam to obtain certification. Which form of non-verbal communication should not be used during the initial investigation stage of the trainer-client relationship? Sitting 1. Sitting with arms crossed c. Mirroring the client's posture, gestures, and tones d. All of the above It is recommended to sit a reasonable distance away from a client so that they do not feel uncomfortable, but also close enough that they feel engaged with you. It is also recommended that you mirror their behavior to facilitate intimacy and aid in the rapport building process. By having arms crossed, you would display closed body language, which is often perceived as less friendly and less welcoming, thus it is not recommended.
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  • Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer. If you discover during your initial evaluation that your client has rotator cuff tendinitis, what should you do? Advise the client get clearance from their primary care physician before beginning a structured exercise program with you. Begin training the client without medical clearance, designing an exercise program that you would for any other client. Begin training the client without medical clearance, designing a modified exercise program that would not exacerbate the condition.
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  • Begin training the client without medical clearance, and attempt to rehabilitate the rotator cuff tendinitis therapeutically through exercise prescription. Medical clearance to begin a structured exercise program is not necessary for this condition. Treating the musculoskeletal pathology is outside of the scope of practice of a personal trainer and should be instead left to a physical therapist. Instead, a personal trainer's role is to best meet the client's health and fitness needs without making the condition worse. Their physical therapist will have prescribed rehabilitative movements. During an initial assessment, what planes of the body can you use a plumbline to observe? The frontal plane c.
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  • The transverse plane d. All of the above A plumbline can be used to evaluate postural deviations across all three of the planes of the body. It is typically best to perform in front of a postural grid. Which of the following assessments cannot determine actual body fat composition? Skinfold Measurements c. BMI d. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis BMI is a ratio of body weight to height and has nothing to do with body composition. The other 3 methods listed attempt to predict fat mass and fat free mass within the body via norm-referenced data specific to your age and gender. A standard fitness assessment has many components, but one of the following is not included.
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  • Which one is not a part of the assessment? Body Composition c. Strength d. That is the job of a Registered Dietician. Assess body composition, strength, and flexibility instead. These metrics are in line with your training and education. A young man is just beginning a strength training routine and has hired you as his trainer. Listed below are some generic strength training guidelines. Determine which of them is inappropriate for a beginner. Train each muscle group at least days a week b. Do 3 sets of reps for each exercise c. Select exercises to work each of the six major muscle groups d. Work each muscle group through its full range of motion According to the FITT principle, training the full body x per week is appropriate for a novice trainee. In order to prevent reductions in functional range of motion through resistance training, it is important that each repetition be performed through the entirety of a joint's range of motion.
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  • However, performing 3 sets of reps would mean that repetitions are prescribed in both the hypertrophy and endurance training paradigms. One training day should not focus on multiple training goals when working with a beginner, given undulating periodization is an advanced programming technique. A young woman has engaged you as her trainer.
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  • Skeletal muscle consists of two main types of muscle fibers. Which of these muscle fibers are the largest and fastest? Type I c. Type IIx d. Formally referred to as type IIb fibers in humans, these fibers produce the most force per contractile unit and tend to have greater cross sectional area. The aerobic system is the fastest way for the human body to generate energy. The anaerobic pathway is most heavily relied on when undergoing heavy resistance training or sprinting. Which of the following is not considered a monosaccharide? Fructose c. Galactose d. Sucrose Sucrose is a disaccharide formed by the binding of two glucose molecules as a polymer.
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  • The other three options are all monosaccharides, meaning they are carbohydrates that consist of one isomer. What is considered to be the average approximate resting heart rate for both men and women? Subcutaneous fat is stored under the skin. True False Subcutaneous fat is stored under the skin and is not prevalent at the layer of the visceral tissue and major organs of the body. Visceral fat is the type of fat that exists at the organ level. Name the six essential nutrients the human body must have to be healthy. Fat, Protein, Sugar, Meat, Vegetables, Water Protein, carbohydrates and fat are all three essential dietary macronutrients that contain calories. These, along with water, vitamins, and minerals are absolutely necessary for the body to be able to perform all of its necessary daily functions.
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  • Meat, and vegetables are types of food that have multiple of the essential nutrients inside of them. Sugar is a type of carbohydrate. Though these items can help provide essential nutrients, they are not the same as the actual categories of those nutrients. One of your newest clients has diabetes. How should you handle her condition? Check her blood glucose level before you begin each session b. Ask her to sign a special waiver of liability c. Keep fast acting carbohydrates on hand in case she develops hypoglycemia d. Both a and c It is important to make sure your client is neither hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic prior to exercising. This is especially true prior to beginning an aerobic activity bout given glucose will be predominantly used as fuel. In the case that exercise results in dangerous blood glucose levels, it is important to keep a carbohydrate rich snack nearby with a high GI index.
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  • How to troll twitch streamers iii Internet system designed to provide free, interactive access to vast resources for people all over the world. The system is tasked with supporting movement, protection, calcium storage and endocrine regulation that enable us to survive. We provide a range of services to the book industry internationally, aiding the discovery and purchase, distribution and sales measurement of books. Muscles are always, sometimes, never in a state of partial contraction. In an isometric contraction, the tension in a muscle decreases, increases, stays the same , and the muscle does, In an isotonic muscle contraction, the muscle does, does not Quarter 4. Check your work as the answers appear on the screen. Chapter 7. Chapter 8. It is one of the cheapest 6 1 monitor 2 keyboard 3 mouse.
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  • As of , McGraw-Hill Education is one of the largest English-language education publishers worldwide. A learning science firm, the company offers access to prekindergarten through postgraduate educational services to both students and educators. Chapter 7 nervous system packet answer key. TIME: Answer Key 1. B page 16 2. D page 5 3. J page 14 4. Download, open, and print out the answer form. For each multiple choice question listed below, read the question and then circle the answer that you think is correct under the same number on the answer form. After answering all 50 questions, go to the answers, which are listed directly after the questions, and compare your answers against them. Below is a list of chapters from the Campbell's Biology, 8th Editon textbook that we have slides for. These slides will cover all of the key points of the chapter and will be useful when studying for the AP Biology exam or any other Biology test.
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  • Your completed study guide work will be handed in on the day of the Unit Exam. Packets are disguised to look like other types of traffic so that they will be ignored by potential attackers. A dedicated circuit is established between the source and destination devices for the duration of the connection. Each file contains a page or two of fill in the blank notes for students to fill in after they have read the section, along with an answer key for the teacher.
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  • These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional. Where to Start Muscular Dystrophy Association has information and resources about Congenital muscular dystrophy. Please click on the link to access this resource. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.
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  • In-Depth Information GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions. Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free. The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition. Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge. PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Congenital muscular dystrophy.
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  • Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic. We remove all identifying information when posting a question to protect your privacy. If you do not want your question posted, please let us know. References References Congenital Muscular Dystrophy. Congenital Muscular Dystrophy Overview.
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  • By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe the layers of connective tissues packaging skeletal muscle Explain how muscles work with tendons to move the body Identify areas of the skeletal muscle fibers Describe excitation-contraction coupling The best-known feature of skeletal muscle is its ability to contract and cause movement. Skeletal muscles act not only to produce movement but also to stop movement, such as resisting gravity to maintain posture. Small, constant adjustments of the skeletal muscles are needed to hold a body upright or balanced in any position. Muscles also prevent excess movement of the bones and joints, maintaining skeletal stability and preventing skeletal structure damage or deformation. Joints can become misaligned or dislocated entirely by pulling on the associated bones; muscles work to keep joints stable. Skeletal muscles are located throughout the body at the openings of internal tracts to control the movement of various substances. These muscles allow functions, such as swallowing, urination, and defecation, to be under voluntary control.
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  • The epimysium also separates muscle from other tissues and organs in the area, allowing the muscle to move independently. The Three Connective Tissue Layers Bundles of muscle fibers, called fascicles, are covered by the perimysium. Muscle fibers are covered by the endomysium. Inside each skeletal muscle, muscle fibers are organized into individual bundles, each called a fascicle, by a middle layer of connective tissue called the perimysium. This fascicular organization is common in muscles of the limbs; it allows the nervous system to trigger a specific movement of a muscle by activating a subset of muscle fibers within a bundle, or fascicle of the muscle.
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  • Inside each fascicle, each muscle fiber is encased in a thin connective tissue layer of collagen and reticular fibers called the endomysium. The endomysium contains the extracellular fluid and nutrients to support the muscle fiber. These nutrients are supplied via blood to the muscle tissue. In skeletal muscles that work with tendons to pull on bones, the collagen in the three tissue layers the mysia intertwines with the collagen of a tendon.
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